What Are The Different Fallopian Tube Recanalization Procedures?

Fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked fallopian tubes, often a cause of infertility. Here are the different types of fallopian tube recanalization procedures:

1. Selective Salpingography

• Procedure: A catheter is inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity and then into the fallopian tube. Contrast dye is injected to visualize the blockage using X-ray imaging.
• Purpose: This initial step helps identify the location and extent of the blockage.

2. Catheter-Based Recanalization

• Procedure: A small, flexible catheter is guided into the blocked tube, and contrast dye helps the physician locate and clear the blockage.
• Technique: The catheter is often accompanied by a guide wire to gently dislodge or bypass the blockage.
• Common Uses: Effective for proximal tubal obstructions (blockages near the uterus).

3. Balloon Tuboplasty

• Procedure: A small balloon is inserted through a catheter into the blocked section of the fallopian tube. The balloon is then inflated to widen the tube and remove the blockage.
• Purpose: Similar to angioplasty for blood vessels, this procedure is used for dilating narrowed tubes.

4. Hydrotubation

• Procedure: A combination of medication and fluid is flushed through the tubes to clear mucus or mild blockages.
• Technique: Performed under ultrasound or X-ray guidance, often used with other recanalization techniques.

5. Fluoroscopic Fallopian Tube Recanalization

• Procedure: Uses real-time X-ray (fluoroscopy) to guide the catheter or wire into the blocked tube.
• Purpose: Highly effective in visually guiding the procedure to avoid damage to surrounding tissues.

6. Sonohysterography-Guided Recanalization

• Procedure: Uses ultrasound imaging instead of X-ray to guide the catheter into the blocked fallopian tube.
• Advantages: Avoids radiation exposure, making it suitable for certain patients.

7. Hysteroscopic Tubal Cannulation

• Procedure: A hysteroscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, and a catheter is guided into the blocked fallopian tube under direct vision.
• Uses: Often combined with laparoscopy for a comprehensive approach to evaluate and treat tubal infertility

Risks and Considerations

• Although generally safe, potential risks include infection, bleeding, or damage to the fallopian tubes.
• Success rates depend on the type and location of the blockage.
• Not suitable for severe or distal blockages (farther from the uterus).