C-Section Procedure, Risks & Recovery

A Cesarean section (C-section) is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. It is performed when vaginal delivery is not possible or safe for the mother or baby.

C-Section Procedure

1. Preparation:

• The mother is prepped in the operating room, including IV insertion, bladder catheterization, and cleansing of the abdomen.
• Anesthesia is administered, typically spinal or epidural, to numb the lower body.

2. Incision:

• A horizontal incision (bikini cut) is made just above the pubic hairline, or, less commonly, a vertical incision may be used in emergencies.

3. Uterine Incision:

• A second incision is made in the uterus, usually horizontally (low transverse), which minimizes bleeding and heals better.

4. Delivery of the Baby:

• The baby is gently guided out through the incision. The doctor may press on the upper abdomen to help ease the baby out.

5. Placenta Removal:

• The placenta is removed, and the uterus is cleaned to ensure no tissue remains.

6. Closing the Incision:

• The uterine incision is stitched up using dissolvable sutures. The abdominal layers, including the skin, are also stitched or stapled closed.

7. Post-Surgery Care:

• The mother is monitored in a recovery room, and pain management is provided.

Risks of C-Section

• Infection: There is a risk of infection at the incision site or within the uterus.
• Blood Loss: C-sections typically involve more blood loss compared to vaginal deliveries.
• Blood Clots: There is a higher risk of blood clots forming in the legs or pelvis.
• Injury to Organs: Nearby organs such as the bladder or bowel may be injured during surgery.
• Adhesions: Scar tissue can form inside the abdomen, leading to pain and complications in future pregnancies.
• Breathing Issues for the Baby: Babies delivered via C-section are more likely to have transient breathing problems.
• Longer Recovery Time: Compared to vaginal delivery, C-sections have a longer recovery time, involving more pain and limited mobility.
• Complications in Future Pregnancies: Increased risk of uterine rupture, placenta previa, or placenta accreta in subsequent pregnancies.

Recovery After C-Section

• Hospital Stay: Typically, a 2-4 day stay in the hospital is required.
• Pain Management: Pain medications are given to manage pain around the incision site.
• Movement: Gentle movement and walking are encouraged to prevent blood clots but avoid strenuous activities.
• Incision Care:
• Keep the incision site clean and dry.
• Watch for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or discharge.
• Avoid Heavy Lifting: For at least 6 weeks, avoid lifting anything heavier than your baby.
• Nutrition and Hydration: A balanced diet and adequate hydration support healing.
• Follow-Up: A follow-up appointment with your doctor 2-6 weeks after surgery is essential to check healing progress.
• Emotional Recovery: Postpartum blues or depression can occur, and seeking support from healthcare providers or loved ones is crucial.